Monday, October 29, 2012

Research Topics

Before you make a final decision on a topic, it is essential that you read --or at least scan-- the initial accompanying reading selections from the respective texts OR from the appropriate links on the side bar; there is no excuse for not reading the respective essays for the topic you have chosen.  How do you know what you think until you've read about BOTH sides of the issue?
  • Should government tax sugary drinks?
    • page 630 in the 12th ed.
    • "A Tax That Invests in Our Health"
    • "Fat Tax"
    • "Let Them Drink Water"
    • "Does This Tax Make Me Look Fat? -available ONLY in the text
  • Is Walmart good for America (especially small communities)?
    • "Don't Blame Wal-mart" -- online essay, not in text
    • "The Case for Wal-Mart" -11th ed.
    • "Down and Out in Discount America - 11th ed.
  • Is there a case for torture?
    • page 679 in the 11th ed.
    • "The Case for Torture"
    • "The Case for Torture Warrants"
    • "How Much Torture is OK?"
    • "Torture's Terrible Toll"
  • How open should our borders be?
    • page 648 in the 11th ed.
    • "American Dreams, Foreign Flags"
    • "Statement in Support of Comprehensive Immigration Reform"
    • "Why Americans Hate this 'Immigration' Debate"
    • ""To Reunite a Nation"
  • How can we address the shortage of organ donors?
    • page 605 in the 12th ed.
    • "The Meat Market"
    • "The Case for Mandatory Organ Donation"
    • "Yes, Let's Pay for Organs"
    • "The Surgery Was Simple; the Process Is Another"
AFTER YOU READ THE ESSAYS:
Make sure you clearly understand the topic - remember, you will be providing an explanation of the issue in the opening paragraph: you will need to state the issue clearly, as well as both sides of the issue  before making your claim/ thesis.
Make sure you have a definite claim based on reason and logic
Once you have your ideas focused write the first draft of your introduction.
Remember that your target audience is an open-minded skeptic (who will pick you apart if you cannot support your position)

Next: write your first draft--before research.  Use your own ideas and logic, your own examples--then be prepared next week to begin research to support your claim.
THIS PAPER SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN THIRD PERSON: THERE SHOULD BE NO PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND NO 2nd PERSON.  Be objective and logical in your essay.

Monday, October 22, 2012

"The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug" ~ Mark Twain

From Games Magazine:


Homophones sound alike but differ in spelling and meaning, like knight/night, suite/sweet, and prints/prince. How many of the 140 pairs can you find in this tale? (Note: Since pronunciations can vary, some pairs may be debatable.)

Good Knight, Suite Prints


A Homophone Story by Mary Ellen Slate
(with apologies to Walter Mitty)


Russell Wood, a nearly bald man of modest mien, wore clothes of worn serge and a tie with just the merest flecks of color. Unless you focused on his tie, he almost disappeared: His hair matched his face, which matched his suit—all grays.
Alone at his teller's cage, idle and bored, Russell took a peek at the frieze along the bank's ceiling. There was a knight, a minstrel with a lute, an urn, a lyre. Russell swayed on his feet and the room began to reel as he daydreamed.
Sir Claude de Bois reined his horse and rode at a slower gait. As the castle bell tolled, he saw the lord of the manor wave his sword at an empty metal coffer. "You vile villein, to steal my gold!" The weak serf cowered as the baron sent the steel weapon toward his heart. Sir Claude bawled: "Stop, by the Holy Rood! I am de Bois! I mete out justice and bring aid and succor to all men, howe'er base. Don't try my mettle or, rude coward, you'll be sealing your fate."
Suddenly through the grille of the cage came the hoarse bass voice of a constant cougher: "Freeze, sucker! Now, raise your hands. High."
Russell looked but saw no one.
"Didn't you hear me?" There was an edge of real pique verging on choler in the rough voice. "Do as I told you."
"Do you mind, sir? I heard you but I can't see you," sighed Russell.
"Never mind the sighs, liar. Look down here. Damn! I'm losing patience."
The teller ducked his head and saw a vain, wee man only four feet high who paced up and down, stopping at intervals to flex his impressive arm muscles. He wore a tee shirt, suede jacket, and blue jeans. Over his seamed forehead and ape-like brows perched a wig, apparently tacked on with flour paste. His nose went straight for a bit, then took a sharp turn to the side. Yet Harry "Peewee" Farplotz, the world's smallest and most inept bank robber, had style. As he paced, a veil seemed to fall over Peewee's eyes:
Dr. Malcolm Farquahar stepped out of the hansom cab and paid his fare. "Another wholly daring feat accomplished for The Cause," he said as he flicked his ruff. None of his patients, indeed few in London, knew that the foppish medico was in fact a one-man-war-against-injustice in the guise of the Purple Pimpernel, master spy, who mined the terrorists of the French Revolution of their cache of francs.
During the instants that the pint-size hood mused, thoughts chased through Russell's mind. He was considering gambling on an act of derring-do when he saw Peewee's aide, a very broad broad, pointing a big black gun at him.
Rose "Mean Queen" Farplotz was as outsize as her husband was undersame. Her beet-red hair was tied in a messy knot. She wore a wrap of mangy furs masquerading as minks and a four-carat rhinestone ring. "Not well-bred," thought Russell, "but oddly handsome." And then she too fell into a daze:
Chaste Rosalind, the shepherdess, rowed on the incoming sea tide. She began to wade in with her pail of mussels, as behind her on the strait, the surge of the surf moved to the barren shore. The rays of the morning sun glinted from a vein of silver ore in a boulder. A lone tern wheeled. As Rosalind headed for her secret vale, she could sense its peace. The dew had disappeared and the mist had vanished, quiet as a nun. She heard the caws of crows as the flocks soared over the copse of yews; a sole hare started to browse. Near the fields of hay and rows of rye, a deer family—hart, doe, and half-grown fawn—stopped to graze. A bee buzzed over the furze.
Rosalind hugged her slim waist in delight as she inhaled the scent of phlox. She picked a flower and heard a rustle in the bushy brake as a herd of sheep appeared, a woolly lamb gamboling beside each ewe. She passed by the stile, went through the gate, and bathed her feet in the crystal water of the tiny duct that led from the dam. She hummed a hymn for this balm to her soul.
Rose's return to reality was abrupt. "This doll could waste you," Peewee snarled. "She knows how to use that gun. Last week she blew away four guys. And," he held up a vial of pale liquid, "this is a bomb. So let's have the bread, the loot, the dough."
Russell stopped and weighed the situation as an uneasy silence reigned. Then he got out the cash box and threw it on the counter. "Take it. Be my guest, but the sum total is only eight hundred dollars and some cents."
Russell's eyes were drawn, as though by a magnet, to Rose's big gun, which was now held loosely at her side. He knew that the tough facade had cracked and he felt bolder. With a wry smile, he said, "I'm only a simple teller."
"Gimme a break," Peewee whined. "We didn't figure you for a real big-shot magnate like Chairman of the Board, for instance—not even a pipsqueak loan officer. You're nothing but—" there was an astonished pause. "But you're de Bois. I've seen you in my dreams."
By now Russell had also guessed Peewee's alter ego. "Hey! I know you too. Well, hi! You're my idol, the gallant Pimpernel, the prince of spies. And," he made a bow to Rose, "this minx, this belle, this fair maid would be Rosalind."
Russell stopped with a groan. "Oh, dear, I owe you an apology. I pushed the alarm, and the police will be here soon."
"No need to fret, son, we'll beat the rap," said Peewee. "Not a penny has changed hands. Close the cash box and wipe off my prints. Then, just watch as Rosy eats her piece of hardware."
Rose calmly ate the gun, a creation made of a carved carrot dyed black.
"And now," said Peewee, "I'll just drink the liquid bomb and that ought to sew it up." He knocked back the tea that had posed as TNT.
When the cops got there they found a disappointing paucity of perpetrators; no villain to collar, no one to grill.
"It was a false alarm, in a manner of speaking," Russell told them with tact.
The police made out their report while Rose started to coo at their fierce attack dogs, who wagged their tails, put their paws in her lap, gently clawed her furs, and licked her nose.
For the three new-found friends, the nonheist had been a coup. One night a week they would meet for a "Days of Yore" fete when they ate well and wined well and told tales of the past.

The list of homophones or homonyms identified in the story above are found here:

Improve Your Logic and Critical Thinking

Consider a Five Minute Mystery: 5 Minute Mystery

Logic Puzzle #1 - Beginner



Logic Puzzle #2 - a little more challenging



Argumentation 12th ed., 525; 11th ed.,

Argumentation - Lecture/Study Notes -- QUIZ: week of Oct. 29 
Suggestion: Copy and paste the lecture notes onto a MS Word document and complete it to use as a study guide for the quiz

  • Definition: a process of reasoning that asserts the soundness of a debatable position, belief or conclusion
          KEYWORD: ____________________

* Be sure you are able to identify the issue, background and claim made in the example on the opening of the chapter. You will be asked to do this on the quiz.

  • Difference between argumentation and persuasion: 
  • Purpose of argument: 
  • The most effective arguments combine:

* use only those appeals that most people would consider fair

Choosing a Topic; Developing Thesis; Audience:


  • Explain why maintaining an open mind is so important in argumentation.


  • Why consider other viewpoints?
  • * "IF you cannot be open-minded, you should choose another topic you can deal with more objectively."
  • * The thesis will make a debatable claim, not make a statement that most people accept.
  • One way to test whether one has an argumentative claim is to formulate an antithesis, which is:
  • For an argumentative essay, it is best to think of the audience as skeptics. Why? What are skeptics? 
Gathering and Documenting Evidence: 

* "ALL THE POINTS YOU MAKE IN YOUR PAPER MUST BE SUPPORTED."


  • The best that evidence can do is: 
  • Kinds of Evidence
          Facts
         Opinions - why are some opinions more convincing than others?
  • Criteria for Evidence
         Relevance
         Representative
         Sufficient
  • Documentation of Evidence - we will discuss MLA Documentation in depth -- consider this only an overview
    • importance of documentation 
    • plagiarism
Dealing With Opposition

Define: refutation. Why address the opposition's arguments? 
How does a writer refute opposing arguments?
What advantage is there is conceding the strength of the opponent's point?

Deductive and Inductive Reasoning - note the difference

Deductive Reasoning in an essay

Why inductive reasoning is often used in science more so than in English

***NOTE: Rogerian Argument and Toulmin Logic are both valid and interesting, but since we have limited time and essays will primarily rely on deductive reasoning and logic we will not be covering them. However, both would make excellent material for bonus questions on a quiz.***

Fallacies of logic - Don't just know what these are; be certain YOU are not guilty of them in your essay!
 These are listed in the book

As always, pay close attention to the transitions for argumentative essays 

Structuring an Argumentative Essay - see page 542 - 12th ed. 










Tuesday, October 9, 2012

Another explanation and sample of Comparison/Contrast

Comparison / Contrast – after the topic is chosen

1.      Find the basis of comparison—the ways in which the two things
are alike

2.      Consider the differences within the similarities

3.      From looking at the common features as well as the distinguishing

characteristics, you form your thesis statement

4.      ORGANIZATION – for longer papers, use point by point; for shorter papers, use subject to subject
3-4 pages –

SUBJECT to SUBJECT comparison/contrast focuses on the entirety of one subject, THEN on the entirety of  the next subject, but BOTH focus on the same points and those points are in the same order


High School                                                                College

Commonalities: education/ organization/ students / diverse / events / goals / freedom

                                                            Freedom
Limited freedom                                                           school doesn’t care if student
Feel like one is being babied                                                     misses class
Classes missed are carefully monitored              too many classes missed may result in failure
Trouble can result with too many                                   there is nothing that serves as ISS
            missed classes                                                  students are assumed to be adults
parents can be involved and freedom                             parents are not involved in discipline or used
            is then more limited                                                       as a threat
Trouble may also result in ISS

                                                            Students
Many times students don’t want to                                Students CHOOSE to go to college
go to school at all

Student attitudes are often carefree                                Students must become more self-disciplined because they have more responsibility

Since they are forced to go, and                                    College is expensive, and students must work   
the education is free, students often                               hard to remain in school and to graduate
do not work as hard

Students and teachers are often closer                           there is seldom a time when a close relationship
in high school                                                                  develops between students and professors

                                                                Goals
                                                                                                           
Graduate and not come back!                                       Learn and establish basis for a career
Pass the EOCTs and other required tests                      Do well in classes for one’s own benefit

Thesis Statement:  High school and college both provide opportunities for students to prepare for their future, but each institution varies drastically with the amount of freedom students have and the goals each one sets.

2nd paragraph: Discuss students in high school – see notes above AND give specific examples—at least 2 examples
3rd par. – Discussing high school students and their freedom
4th par. – Discuss high school students and their goals

Par. 5 – could serve as a segue or transition to students in college

Par. 6. – college students & their attitudes, etc. – from notes AND EXAMPLES
Par. 7 – college students and freedom
Par. 8 – goals of college students

CONCLUSION

Understanding


I know how you feel about having to do so much reading and writing--I really DO!!


Work hard, folks . . . think of how far you've come!

Lecture Notes for Tues., Oct. 9 & Assignment For Thursday, OCT. 11

DO NOT use the term “similarities and differences” or “alike and different” in the introduction.  DO use backwards planning.  Choose the topics, determine the commonalities, then determine differences.
DO plan to use subject to subject approach, NOT point by point approach, and make sure each element has roughly the same amount of development, with SPECIFIC EXAMPLES THAT ARE EXPLAINED.
This paper should be 3-4 pages, if done correctly and done well.
SAMPLE Topic: compare and contrast two television shows in the same genre e.g., reality shows, police dramas, family sit-coms, cartoons of yesterday and today.
CRIMINAL MINDS                                                            DEXTER
Travels the country                                                   based in Miami
Goes into the mind of the criminal                           is the criminal & allows audience to “hear”        to determine motives                                                      his thoughts  
Analyzes the context & clues                                    uses context and clues to his advantage
CONCLUSION,  after thinking about the two shows and how different they are; in other words, the conclusion is the equivalent here of the thesis &  goes back to focus on common base between the shows: Ironically, both Criminal Minds and Dexter seem to satisfy the audience by bringing the “bad guy” to justice by smart, unconventional means; whether each show is centered on the far away or the near at hand, the criminal mind lures the audience into the show, and, like the characters, the audience is not only entertained but intelligently engaged.
Seven nights a week the American viewing audience can tune in their television and with little channel surfing find a police drama. Shows like Law and Order, Major Crimes, and NCIS see the characters with set if not grim expressions on their face as they track down the criminal. Even “cop shows” on the lighter side like Castle, Bones, and Elementary, never veer so off course that “the case” is not solved. The primary detectives and their sidekicks may crack a smile or refer to an inside joke that only long-time viewers may “get,” but they always solve the case.  But while these dramas entertain, only two dramas deal with psyche of the murderer. Criminal Minds, depicts a branch of the FBI known as the Behavioral Analysis Unit (or BAU), that travels the country to solve cases by delving into the mind of the criminal, by analyzing possible motives the “unsub” (unknown subject) may have, and by investigating context and clues at the scene.  Dexter, on the other hand, presents forensic pathologist Dexter Morgan who resides in Miami, Florida, and who not only solves crimes, but becomes the judge, jury and executioner  as the audience is witness to his thoughts and motives and taken into his confidence.
NOTES: television shows, movie titles, book titles – all are italicized;
Unless the initials or jargon used are well known, like FBI, be sure to explain what each means or stands for – see BAU in the example above
The introduction may be a bit longer in this paper, in order to set up the comparison
Points of similarity and difference are set up, WITHOUT using “similarity” and “difference”
Focus of paper may be on differences but be sure that underneath the differences there are common factors
FOR THURSDAY: Choose your topic (see below); do your backwards thinking; create your thesis statement – it does not have to be perfect, but does need to indicate basics—common features AS WELL AS  distinguishing  characteristics.  Remember that as you compose your paper, you will need to supply adequate support—specific examples and explanation
TOPICS for YOUR comparison and contrast—Choose ONE of the following below:
  • Write an essay comparing and contrasting the expectations that college professors and high school teachers have for their students. cite your own experiences as examples.
  •  Since you have started college, how have you changed? Write an essay that answers this question.
  • Write an essay comparing your own early memories of school with those of a parent or older relative--or with a younger child or teen.
  • How are the attitudes toward education different among students who work to finance their own education and students who do not? Your thesis statement should indicate what differences  exist and why.
  • Compare and contrast the experiences of commuters and students who live in dorms on campus. Interview people in your classes to use as examples.
  • Compare and contrast an old movie “classic” and its modern “remake.”
  • Compare and contrast two television shows of the same genre—obviously, avoid Criminal Minds and Dexter (ALSO: NO reality shows).
  • Compare and contrast two different artists (e.g.  Van Gogh and Monet) or musicians (the Beatles and Mozart).

Thursday, October 4, 2012

Happy Columbus Day!



from: http://www.funxite.com/get/downloads/wallpapers/funny-wallpapers/christopher-columbus.htm

Macon State English 1101 - Assignment for Tues. Oct.9

Make sure you have finished reading the introduction to the Comparison/Contrast essay and make sure you have read, "Two Ways to Belong in America."

Answer the first two questions under "Purpose and Audience" and under "Style and Structure" before class and be ready to hand those in at the beginning of the period.

Tuesday, October 2, 2012

Homework for MSC Students for Thursday, Oct. 4th

Finish reading the introduction to the section on Comparison/Contrast essays in your books; in the 12th edition, pages 375-390

Look carefully at the two photographs at the end of the introduction [12th ed., pages 391 & 392], then answer the 3 questions under "Reading Images," page 392.  Be prepared to hand those in at the beginning of class.

Read Bharati Mukherjee essay, "Two Ways to Belong in America," [12th ed., pages 404-407].

Monday, October 1, 2012

The Comparison/Contrast Essay


Lecture Notes on Comparison/Contrast from the text; 12th ed., pages 371-377
Defining Comparison/Contrast
Using C/C:
*In real life
*In academia
Assignments using C/C:
*Often used in argument, example, evaluation
*Note key words in assignments that may signal C/C:
-- compare and contrast
-- similarities and differences
-- relative merits
-- advantages and disadvantages
-- words that may simply suggest a comparison/contrast method is required
Developing a C/C:
                There MUST be a basis for comparison FIRST!!! –absolutely essential note thetext example of bees and people
                One must determine if two elements are so different that one will explain the similarities OR
                                                      If two elements are so similar that one will explain differences OR
                Will the writer explore BOTH the similarities or differences?
Determine Points for discussion & then write the thesis statement – MUST determine the points for discussion FIRST, then the thesis statement. This could mean backward engineering to determine your thesis. If it helps, consider a graphic organizer or chart to clarify your thoughts or help in this process
Development of a C/C Essay:
Subject to Subject – short papers –like the one you will write in this class—at least 3 full pages
Point by Point—for longer, more complex papers
Pay close attention to transitions
Do NOT use 2nd person in this essay